Biopharmaceutical manufacturing: lessons from the pandemic If the semiconductor industry faces pressure from technological advancement, the biopharmaceutical sector confronts challenges of a different magnitude – those of life and death.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global pharmaceutical supply chains, revealing the urgent need for more resilient manufacturing strategies. The race to develop and deploy vaccines at unprecedented speed highlighted both the potential and the limitations of existing biopharmaceutical manufacturing infrastructure.

Wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light used in EUV lithography

Thickness of photographic film containing 20 photosensitive layers

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